The First Birth Control Pill - 1141 Words

With the help of Planned Parenthood, the first birth control pill is developed by Gregory Pincus, John Rock, and M.C. Chang. However, in 1956 the pill underwent the first human trial. The side effects were less than satisfactory, leading to the development of the first FDA approved oral contraceptive in 1960. By 1965, through the approval for married couples, by the U.S. Supreme Court, to use birth control, one in four women under the age of 45 had used the pill. In 1967 New York State legalized abortion, making it possible for women to seek out safe and legal abortion. Just as it seemed the country was taking a turn for the better, with the legalization of abortion through Row v. Wade, policy makers put in place the Helms Amendment in†¦show more content†¦from providing any sort of information to patients about abortion, even if they are using their own money. This continuation of demonizing abortion and lack of understanding for the many other important services of Planned Parenthood cause centers and clinics to become targets for horrific act of violence, such as arson and bombings. However, though the violence and opposition meant to scare off patients and staff members, support for the organization grew to the nine million now supporting and donating to expand health care. In 1992 the U.S. Supreme Court rules that states may regulate abortion, causing many states to pass new restrictive laws denying access to safe and legal abortions to many Americans. In 1999 Plan B was approved by the FDA, opening up a new world of emergency contraceptive that could prevent future abortions. One year later RU-486 is approved, providing millions of woman another safe and effective option for abortions taking place early in the pregnancy. Then in 2004, one million people participating in the largest and most diverse reproductive rights demonstration in U.S. history, only being surpassed recently by the Women’s March that took place in January 2017, with an estimating participation go 2.9 million people. With the passing of the ACA (Affordable Care Act), women are able to secure birth control easier than ever, and just a few years later, the age restriction for over the counter emergencyShow MoreRelatedBirth Control Essay1027 Words   |  5 PagesBirth control pills should be available without a prescription. Oral contraceptive has been a controversial topic for years. Oral contraceptives are a common form of birth control. Birth control is used to prevent pregnancy by blocking a male’s sperm from fertilizing a female’s egg. Women take birth control to prevent pregnancy. Also, teen women can prevent unwanted pregnancies by having access to over the counter birth control pills. Birth control pills should be available without a prescriptionRead MoreBirth Control Of The Pill900 Words   |  4 Pagescommon used birth control by women is the oral pill. This birth control pill is a medication that women take daily to prevent pregnancy. Birth control pills undoubtedly arise confusion as to how they work. Even with all the birth control confusion, the pills are the safest birth control compared to the Depo-Provera shot, IUD, and birth control implant. Birth control pills â€Å"were developed in the 1950s, and were first approved by the FDA in 1960† (â€Å"Birth Control†). The birth control pills are made ofRead MoreBirth Control Is The Practice Of Preventing Unwanted Pregnancies1177 Words   |  5 Pagesprocess to obtain birth control pills. According to merriam-webster.com, birth control is the practice of preventing unwanted pregnancies; it used all around the world. There are many different contraceptive types that people use to prevent unwanted pregnancies, including, but not limited to, condoms, vaginal rings, sponges, implants, shots, abstinence, and birth control pills. Practicing safe sex should be ready option for all people. Men wear condoms while women take birth control; it is as simpleRead MoreWhy Should Teens Have Access to Birth Control721 Words   |  3 PagesTeens should have access to birth control, not to increase sexual activity, but to limit the chances of them getting pregnant and to help them regulate irregular periods. Birth control limits the chances of the teen getting pregnant. Birth control contains the changes by giving the woman’s body a combination of the hormones estrogen and progesterone. These hormones prevents ovulation. Ovulation is when the egg or eggs are releasedRead MoreThe Birth Control Of Women937 Words   |  4 Pages Male Birth Control The birth control pill took the nation by storm when first being introduced over fifty years ago. When the oil was first introduced in the late 1950’s, numerous American women both single and married were thrilled (People Events: Mrs. America: Women s Roles in the 1950s , 2001). They were so open to the pill due to social factors that affected their reproductive lives (People Events: Mrs. America: Women s Roles in the 1950s , 2001). Since being introduced in the UnitedRead MoreExploring the Various Methods of Birth Control Essays1618 Words   |  7 PagesBirth control has become a controversial issue today in our society. The types of birth control that can be used vary, while the side effects may not be explained to women who use them. The types that can be used include emergency contraceptives, pills, rings, patches, and shots. Emergency contraceptives (ECPs), or plan B, are â€Å"hormones in the pill that act as an anabortifacient by thinning the lining of the uterus and preventing the newly-conceived child from implanting† (Warber 15). ECPsRead MoreBirth Control And Abortion Should Not Be Used Widely1440 Words   |  6 Pages Birth Control and Abortion Should Not be Used Widely Submitted by: Yuhuan Yu Submitted to: Daniela Greco-Giancola Class: Act Writing Date: August 11, 2014 Word Count: 1281 The world population is 7.046 billion and there are 8.260 million new babies are born every year (Worldometers n.d.), because of this global over population problem, some countries’ government allowed birth control pill and medicine or artificial abortion can be used to control the population. Now, due to different reasonRead MoreMale Birth Control Essay861 Words   |  4 Pagesboth sexes responsibility to practice â€Å"safe sex†. Introducing the birth control pill for women in the 1960s created a huge controversy between sexual conservatives and the women who would benefit from the pill, but the responsibility still remained in the hands of women. However, as medicine has advanced and the possibility of a male birth control pill has amounted, many wonder if the same issues would arise if a male birth control pill did in fact become available. In order to understand the effectsRead MoreBreast Cancer At Age 451336 Words   |  6 PagesMy mother, Bonita, was diagnosed with breast cancer at age 45. She first discovered the lump herself and proceeded to take it to a professional to get it checked out. There is no evidence in her immediate family to say that this is hereditary, but a combination of a few factors increased her risk of getting breast cancer. My mother was overweight, has had an early menstruation (before age 12), lived a sedentary lifestyle, and at the time she didn’t have a well-balanced diet. Along with those factorsRead MoreBirth Control Essay1401 Words   |  6 Pages Should Birth Control Be Available Over the Counter? Birth Control has been a topic of debate for years. Several issues and opinions arise when talking about it. Birth Control was first released in the form of a pill in 1960. Since then birth control has evolved into several different forms, including pills, patches, implants, injections, and sponges. As stated by the Guttmacher Institute, â€Å"more than 43 million women of reproductive age are sexually active and want to prevent pregnancy, as of October

Changing Hierarchies in Early America Essay - 3881 Words

Changing Hierarchies in Early America In â€Å"A Model of Christian Charity,† John Winthrop proposes to change the existing social and economic hierarchy. The old world social hierarchy divided the classes based on wealth and property. The highest class consisted of the king and royal family, then followed by the bishops. Next on the hierarchy were the nobles, gentlemen, and the wealthy. And at the bottom of the hierarchy of course, were the poor. Because of this extreme division, there was no middle ground between the wealthy and poor. That is, the old world hierarchy allowed the rich to hold power over the poor. The poor would live and work on the land in exchange for protection from the wealthy. In other words, the poor had to work as†¦show more content†¦If you love someone, they will love you back. This will of course lead to a better economy and society. When people love each other, they are able to step beyond the divisions placed on them by society. If people are willing to step past those divis ions and aid each other, then the class systems become unimportant. This mobility will bring the rich closer to the poor while at the same time allowing the poor to rise higher to the level of the rich. In addition, Winthrop explains that if people love each other, that God will â€Å"delight to dwell among †¦ His own people† (158). In other words, the presence of God will encourage them in being successful. Then the ideals of the Massachusetts Bay Colony will spread, along with the concept of God’s love. Even though Winthrop began his argument by affirming the old world social hierarchy, by the end of his sermon he has created a community of love. Winthrop’s steps set up an ideal, harmonious Christian community, mostly free of the divisions caused by social differences. This is remarkable because he is changing the ideals for the new world. A community of love is the beginning of a republic. Winthrop is setting up Americans to create a democratic society by instilling in everyone the concept of the community of love. Anne Bradstreet also wanted to create a community of love. However, she takes Winthrop’s idea of a community of love a step further. In addition toShow MoreRelatedThe Naturalization Process During The Late 19th And Early 20th Century1486 Words   |  6 PagesIn the late 19th and early 20th century, immigrants began seeking citizenship through naturalization. With a massive influx of immigrants that were not clearly White or Black, the government needed to establish racial definitions. There was a notion of superiority that was associated with being â€Å"white†. When immigrants soon realized the value and importance of â€Å"whiteness† in America’s society, they quickly applied for citizenship. In response to their movement, the government created racial and non-racialRead MoreThe Theory Of Management And Management1690 Words   |  7 PagesMary parker and Max Weber. Even manager today wou ld need to used or learn one or more of their strategies or even mixed management to make sure organization run effective and efficiently to this constant and complex changing world. Motivation of need and want are continuously changing in this rapidly world, manager are need to require to understand and identify what employees requirement and satisfaction level in 21st century, thus by recruiting the right person to the right spot manager will needRead MoreJohannes Linden Managing the global exe1677 Words   |  7 Pagesmanufacture of large households Appliances and also expanded its business across the globe. FWD division was divided initially into three geographic regions: Asia, Europe and the America. After becoming Director of FWD in 2004, Johannes Linden restructured the geographic regions from three to six ( i.e. South America, North America, Europe North Africa, China South East Asia, Japan-Korea Australia and India Indonesia) to get all aligned with the strategic division for FWD. After implementing theRead MoreWhy the Rich Are Getting Richer and the Poor, Poorer842 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Robert B. Reich, Why the Rich Are Getting Richer and the Poor, Poorer Reich starts his exordium with a distribution of where American workers found themselves in the early 1990’s in reference to where almost all American workers were just 20 years before. Reich placed most of the workers that contributed to the economy during the Nixon administration as being in one boat, analogous to the famous quote by G.K. Chesterton, â€Å"We are all in the same boat, in a stormy sea, and we owe each other a terribleRead MoreSocial Construction Theory Of The National Football League1403 Words   |  6 Pageseligibility left, to pursue a dream of playing in the National Football League. This year alone, 101 athletes will be forgoing their remaining years of college eligibility to enter the NFL draft. Thus representing a staggering increase from the 40 early entrants in 2007 (Heitner). This decision seems deceptive, in that it appears explicitly based on utility maximization and the traditional economic theory of Becker and Stigler. That model does provide a n adequate explanation based on set universalRead MoreThe Issues Regarding Race, Culture, And.1557 Words   |  7 Pagesof slavery and the rising resentment against immigrants. Since the horrific terrorist attacks on the United States on September 11, 2001, Security concerns have understandably increased, but so too has racial profiling, discrimination etc. In the early aftermath of the attacks some Americans that were understandably outraged and horrified, even attacked some members of the Sikh community where at least one was even killed, because they resembled certain types of Muslims, with beards and turbans.Read MoreCharles Fayol And Max Weber Relevant Today s World1303 Words   |  6 PagesManagement theories are forever changing due to changes in the corporate environment, but â€Å"are the early management theories espoused by such proponents as Henri Fayol, Mary Parker Follett and Max Weber relevant in today s world?† All three of these historical figures were pion eers in management early in the 20th century, all came from extremely different backgrounds and even continents. They had very different priorities when it came to management, starting with Henri Fayol. Fayol was a FrenchRead MoreThe Theory Of Management Is Important Part Of Any Business Essay1326 Words   |  6 Pagesbest approach for managers to take? How can employers use the idea of motivation within their management approach, to achieve a true competitive advantage? From the moment that the labour shortage hit the United States of America, during the industrial revolution, back in the early 1900s, theorists around the world have been attempting to answer this very question. With the two main ideas being the classical perspective and the behavioural approach, there are a number of key differences between theRead MoreGlobalization, Efficiency and Loneliness1414 Words   |  6 Pagesin this globalizing world is because it creates cheaper products. To illustrate, similar to the a rticle In China, the Human Costs That Are Built Into an iPad in the New York Time by Charlies Guhigg and David Barboza, the iPhones are designed in America and made in China because Chinese factories can produce the iPhones faster and cheaper than American factories. In other words, globalization corporation is looking for efficiency in time and money. However, , this kind of efficiency is built on theRead MoreThe International Typographic Style By Josef Muller Brockman1410 Words   |  6 PagesFormally known as the International Typographic Style, this Swiss design movement originated in Switzerland during the 1950’s as a direct influence from the modernization of graphic culture. As popularity for social use of visuals evolved, as did the changing conceptualization of structuring typographic elements. The philosophy of this graphic period was centralized around the creation of purity through scientific design in which mathematical minimalism was utilized to bring focus to the content. Ernst

Country Music Free Essays

Country Music Purpose: The purpose and goal of this speech is to inform my classmates of the Country music and its importance. Thesis: In order to understand the impact of Country music on the very music we listen to today, we need to understand its history, the artists who made the genre what it is today, and the country artist who have found success today. Organizational Pattern: Chronological I. We will write a custom essay sample on Country Music or any similar topic only for you Order Now Introduction a. Attention Getter: Who here listens to music? In the survey I’d say almost all of you have filled out, I was surprised to see six people had answered country music as their favorite genre. That made it the highest chosen, next to Pop. b. Relevance: So all of you here listen to music at some point in any given day, it should be fairly obvious how any kind of music could be relevant to you and your present life. c. Credibility: Being a fan of Country music myself, and after several weeks of conducting research on the subject, I have been very much interested in the artists Country music since I reluctantly began listening a little over a year ago. d. Thesis: In order to understand the impact of Country music on the very music we listen to today, we need to understand its history, the artists who made the genre what it is today, and the country artist who have found success today. e. Preview: So first, we will learn about and understand where Country began and how it evolved. Then I’ll tell you about the artists who made the genre popular. And finally wrap things up by speaking about the Country artists who are successful and popular today. Transition: So I’ll start with the roots of country music and how it evolved into the country songs we hear today. II. Body f. First, Country music’s origins will be discussed i. In the book Country Music, U. S. A. , written by Bill C. Malone and published in 1985, he says that Country music is â€Å"older than the South itself. † Which means, as far back as it goes, the more music it has inspired, and influenced in the future years. ii. Country music was recognized by the beats, use of fiddles, and steel guitars and in the twentieth century, society began to urbanize and people flocked to big cities like Chicago and New York, which then created anti-rural feelings. Southern Grassroots bridged the gap between urban and rural. 1. This occurred right around the same time as the radio becoming popular. The radio made it much easier for urban influence to reach far out farm homes in the boonies. This was extremely important in Country music’s discovery and refinement into the genre we know today. iii. During the war years Country music had flourished and changed drastically 2. Pre-World War One the music industry was mostly a sheet music business. However, during the war years it evolved into a political tool for rallying the country together. . Jumping to the next World War, after the attack on Pearl Harbor patriotism in the country has soared, and the rural population which produced most of the nation’s country music, had ‘liberated by war’ as stated by the previous source mentioned. iv. After the Second World War, there was a boom in Country music’s popularity. This also began the movement of Country artist perfo rming ‘crossovers’. Which was music that was 4. This is the type of music that was produced by legends like Elvis Presley and Chuck Berry. A few years later in the 50’s artists like Johnny Cash also emerged. I should also mention this genre was coined ‘Rockabillies’ being a mix of Rock and Hillbilly music. 5. This also caused a huge boom of music produced in Nashville, which then became known as the capital of Rock and Roll, and remains to be until this day. And from Nashville the music continued to evolve into the Country music we listen to, or hear about today. Transition: Speaking of the artists I have just mentioned above, I’m going to now talk about the artists who have inspired music as we know it. . As I’ve previously mentioned, and some of you may have been surprised by Elvis’ name mentioned along with other Country artists. His style and music had begun influencing not only country music but an entire generation of future artists. v. He was one of the first artists to be considered very popular in the ‘rockabilly’ genre. His captivating voice and bad-boy hai rstyle and clothing was the absolute most exciting thing for teens in the 50’s, and influenced music as we know it. vi. Another artist that came about in this time is Johnny Cash. He is more of a true country artist than most would consider Elvis because he stuck more to bluegrass and blues type roots. vii. Johnny Cash lived a literal rock and roll out of control life. He went through marriages and drugs like it was as vital to him as air. Continuing to make music until the 2000’s. One of his final songs released was a cover of Nine Inch Nails, ‘Hurt’ that according to Nine Inch Nails singer Trent Reznor in a VH1 interview, â€Å"It sounded as though my version was the cover, and the song was written for Cash. Transition: Now that you know more about the artists who made country popular, let’s talk about those who make country as we know it popular. h. I realize that not everyone here likes or enjoys country music, but I have no doubt that almost every person here can name at least one country artist. viii. Country music concerts sell out all across the United States, and even the big country music festival, Country Thunder, attract s hundreds of people every year as it continues to grow. ix. Artists like Taylor Swift, Jason Aldean, and Carrie Underwood are artists who continue to be successful country music artists in the music industry today. They continue to top Billboard Charts and sell out their own concerts. Transition: (cue visual aid) Now that we’ve seen Country artists both past and present who have been successful in making Country popular, we have a better understanding of the genre. III. Conclusion i. Thesis/Summary: It holds true that the same research done with Country music here, can be repeated with any genre, and we would still find a long history filled with artists who have been inspired, and inspire generations of artists, as well as finding current artists within the genre today. j. Memorable close: Even though Country might not be your favorite, but musicians like Elvis Presley and Johnny Cash had laid the foundation for the very music you listen to today. Refrences Malone, Bill C. Country Music U. S. A. ; a Fifty-year History,. Austin: Published for the American Folklore Society by the University of Texas, 1968. Print. Lynskey, Dorian. 33 Revolutions per Minute: A History of Protest Songs, from Billie Holiday to Green Day. New York: Ecco, 2011. Print. Holt, Fabian. Genre in Popular Music. Chicago: University of Chicago, 2007. Print. Petrusich, Amanda. It Still Moves: Lost Songs, Lost Highways, and the Search for the next American Music. New York: Faber and Faber, 2008. Print. Campion, James. â€Å"Elvis Presley – The Bad, The Sweet And The Boogie – Author James Campion Rates the King’s Effect on the 20th Century. † Elvis Presley – The Bad, The Sweet And The Boogie – Author James Campion Rates the King’s Effect on the 20th Century. N. p. , July-Aug. 1996. Web. 04 Oct. 2012. lt;http://www. jamescampion. com/elvis. htmlgt;. â€Å"Johnny Cash Biography. † CMT: Country Music Television. N. p. , n. d. Web. 04 Oct. 2012. lt;http://www. cmt. com/artists/az/cash_johnny/bio. jhtmlgt;. How to cite Country Music, Papers

Leadership Within the Military Essay Sample free essay sample

Leadership is all around us. It is used in different ways that we do non recognize. There are two different countries in which leading is exposed. in the civilian universe and military universe. These two countries are well different in the manner things are looked at. but within the military. it is to the point. The definition of leading. in my sentiment. is one who leads and instructs a group of people to accomplish a common end. The United States Air Force defines leading about the same. but has taken it to the following degree. In the Air Force leading manual. it says. â€Å"Leadership is the art and scientific discipline of influencing and directing people to carry through the assigned mission† ( Fogleman. p. 22 ) . This high spots two cardinal elements of leading. The first is the mission. nonsubjective. or undertaking to be accomplished. and the 2nd is the people who accomplish it. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership Within the Military Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Effective leading transforms human possible into effectual public presentation in the present and prepares capable leaders in the hereafter ( Fogleman p. 22 ) . General Ronald R. Fogleman. Former Chief of Staff of the U. S. Air Force. one time said â€Å"Leadership does non equal bid. but all commanding officers should be leaders† ( Goleman p. 6 ) . This means that any individual can be a leader and can positively act upon those around him or her to carry through the mission. but the individual must hold the desire to go a leader. A individual must hold their nucleus values in line to go a leader. The United States Air Force nucleus values are great illustrations of making merely that. Integrity foremost. service before ego. and excellence in all we do. These nucleus values will determine a individual to go a leader in the military by the determinations he or she will do and the actions he or she will execute. Some people say that leaders are born. Some say that leaders are made. In the armed forces. they say that leaders are born. but need developing to allow their leading abilities flourish ( Goleman p. 6 ) . With this method. this helps work forces and adult females in the military find their interior egos and will go great leaders in the hereafter. Leadership in the military is different than civilian leading. People define leading otherwise. but in the armed forces. it is solid. With the aid of the nucleus values in the military. there is plentifulness of possible for leading. Mentions: * Fogleman. Gen. Ronald. â€Å"Leadership A ; Force Development. † Air ForceDoctrine Document 1-1 ( 2004 ) : 20-32. Print. * Goleman. Daniel. â€Å"What Makes a Leader? † Best of HBR ( 1998 ) : 6-15. Print.

Torvald Helmer Essay Example

Torvald Helmer Paper As soon as Nora speaks those words, she transforms into an independent woman, quite different from the doll (Ibsen 1017) that Torvald has made her out to be. Torvald, too, cannot escape his own reality. Torvald. Through most of the exposition, seems like a loving, devoted husband and father. He seems to be strong, virtuous, ambitions, and a man of integrity. After the party, Torvald makes a show of his devotion, telling Nora that he has wished [Nora] was in some terrible danger, just so [he] could stake [his] life and soul and everything for [her] sake. (Ibsen 1011) This illusion of devotion is quickly dissipated, however, after he gains news of Noras folly. His demeanor switches entirely from the loving husband to a cold, petulant man who cares only for his social image. He laughs at the possibility of losing his reputation to save Nora, saying that theres no one who gives up honor for love. (Ibsen 1017) Torvald, like Nora, is not the strong husband he was made out to be. Rather, he is a puny, egotistical man bound by the conventions of the society to which he belongs. Yet another character not to be taken at face value is the purported family friend, Dr. Rank. A kindly old friend of the family, Dr. Rank seems to be a wise, trustworthy advisor to Nora. He knows his place in the house, as a trusted companion to Nora. With knowledge of his impending death he even goes so far to say that [Mrs. Linde] will be my successor here in the house. We will write a custom essay sample on Torvald Helmer specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Torvald Helmer specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Torvald Helmer specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer (Ibsen 995) Despite his place in the household as a dependable friend, Rank is hiding something much more sinister. Rank has an ulterior motive in his frequent visits to the Helmer household. The lonely old doctor is too lonely for his own good. So lonely, in fact, that he lusts after Nora. He admits to her that [hes] loved [her] just as deeply as somebody else. (Ibsen 996) Dr. Rank, the supposed comrade and compatriot, is nothing more than a covetous false suitor, trying to steal Nora away from Torvald. Though the script calls for three actors to play Rank, Torvald, and Nora, it may have been more appropriate to call for six, one for each of their guises, and one for their realities. The three characters had ulterior motives abound. They were false to others, and to themselves, which is not unlike modern society. Today, there is still a mentality of publicly smiling while privately frowning that has only grown since the publishing of A Dolls House. It is a shame, really, that more people have not taken the advice Ibsen has given through Dr. Rank and Nora and Torvald Helmer. Torvald Helmer Essay Example Torvald Helmer Paper In the course of Henrik Isbens play A Dolls House, several characters undergo extreme transformations. These characters change and develop as the plot progresses and eventually show their true nature at the end of the play. The most evident and profound character development, is that of Torvald Helmer and his antithesis Nils Krogstad. As they are simultaneously developed, it becomes apparent that it is not the actual personality of Helmer and Krogstad that is changing, but merely the way they are portrayed and the circumstances (and their awareness of these circumstances) in which they are living. The character of Nils Krogstad was consistently developed throughout A Dolls House by both the dialect of other characters and his own actions and speech, as his character underwent the transition from a morally corrupt villain to a decent and even well liked man. Nils Krogstad first appears in Act 1 as a seemingly unimportant visitor wanting to discuss business matters with Torvald. His actions are nothing out of the ordinary and give the impression that he is a very polite individual. It is not until he leaves the room that a brief conversation between Nora and Kristine begins to expand upon his character. We will write a custom essay sample on Torvald Helmer specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Torvald Helmer specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Torvald Helmer specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Kristine first reveals that she used to know Krogstad many years ago when he was a solicitors clerk. Further discussion reveals that Krogstad is now a widower with many children whose marriage wasnt a very happy one (784). The tone of the conversation quickly changes as Dr. Rank joins them and reveals yet another aspect of Krogstads character. He makes it known that Krogstads past was one of moral affliction and corruption. He was offered a job at the bank out of pity, so that others would be able to keep an eye on him. According to Rank, Krogstad is rotten to the core (785). Later on in the Act, Krogstad does little to improve upon his poor reputation as he engages in a conversation with Nora that reveals he secretly lent her money and is now using that to blackmail her. He also admits to being in trouble in the past and explains that it has since ruined his reputation. In spite of the fact that Krogstad is in the act of threatening and blackmailing Nora, it is during this conversation that the reader gets the first glimpse of his good intentions. Krogstad claims that he only wants Nora to ensure that Torvald allows him to keep his job at the bank so that he can improve his status. Maintaining that the money is the last thing that he cares about, he states: my sons are growing up; for their sake I must try to win back what respectability I can (789). The next section of the play reverts back to degradation of Krogstads character as Torvald expresses his opinion of his former friend. Torvald does not sugarcoat his dislike of Krogstad; instead he is quick to disclose Krogstads crime of forgery. He continues by unveiling the fact that rather than admitting his guilt and taking the punishment, Krogstad dodged what was coming to him by a cunning trick (793). Torvald insists that a man with a crime like that on his conscience will always be having to lie and cheat and dissemble (793) even around his own family. In Torvalds mind, this makes his former schoolmate morally depraved because he has been poisoning his own children for years with lies and deceit (793). Due to all of his above-mentioned opinions, Torvald expresses his annoyance at the fact that Krogstad thinks he has every right to treat me as an equal (798). As the second Act nears its end and the third Act brings the play to a close, Krogstad undergoes his final stages of development. In conversation with Nora he begins to open up and tells her, even somebody like me has a bit of what you might call feeling (803). It is also here that one can begin to understand Krogstads motives and sympathize with him. He tells Nora: for the last eighteen months Ive gone straight; all the time its been hard going; I was content to work my way up, step by step (804). Krogstad then continues to express his dismay at being kicked out again.

Catherine and Rodolphos relationship Essays

Catherine and Rodolphos relationship Essays Catherine and Rodolphos relationship Paper Catherine and Rodolphos relationship Paper [he kneels, grasps and with strain slowly raises the chair higher and higher, getting to his feet now   and he transforms what might appear like a glare of warning into a smile of triumph, and Eddies grin vanishes as he absorbs his look] Reading that, I found was like a running commentary of the end of the scene. It is a very powerful few lines and a great way to end an act, with such a cliffhanger. It is almost like a story in itself. Although this action was done without any words, Eddie knew what Marco was signalling. Eddie had gone too far and Marco was protecting his baby brother. Marco, who was normally a quiet, self-contained and polite figure, was now questioning Eddies authority because Eddie had violated his. The Italian passion for justice comes through again as Marco violently protects his brother. Marco had arisen and with great strength, everyone was now questioning Eddies authority. These stage directions pick out every detail of how every character in the scene should be. This direction in particular helps the actors really getting them into character. Since I have been watching the rest of my class, including myself, act out certain extracts form the play, I have seen the different ways in which people interpret the stage directions and portray their character. One pair, acted out the scene where Alfieri and Eddie talk about Catherine and Rodolphos relationship, and the big question is Rodolpho gay? I found that the scene starts as a civilised, calm conversation, but as the interaction lengthened, Eddie became very intense, whereas Alfieri stayed calm. The pair were very passionate, and comfortable performing in front of the class and that was shown throughout their performance. When watching them, and following the play at the same time, I came across very little stage directions, but the pair had entered their own, showing initiative and passion for their parts, and each others. They were able to convey the characters feelings very well and were able to climax the performance well, using their own stage directions and the original ones. I would like to see professional actors act out the scene so I can do slight comparisons which could help me understand more clearly how others interpret stage directions. Actors are also faced with simile stage directions, such as the one below from page 66. Both Eddie and Rodolpho are described as animals, symbolising an animals primeval urge to show power. [They are like animals that have torn at one another and broken up without a decision, each waiting for the others mood] When I read that, it struck me as being out of the ordinary because it was so descriptive and imaginative. Stage directions always just used to be just sit down, smiling as she heads to kitchen door etc. basic tasks, but I had never seen a direction like that before. This takes us back to the point I made earlier about how different actors interpret certain directions. This essay has made me appreciate the use and importance of stage directions, particularly in this play. Whether they are as important as words are up to you, the reader.

The world is getting flatter, and that is not necessarily a good thing Essay

The world is getting flatter, and that is not necessarily a good thing - Essay Example The world according to Friedman has been flattened due to major political events, innovations, and companies. He also cites ten flatterers that have shrunk the world. Information technology has definitely brought the world closer and made it interdependent and interconnected, it has resulted in both economic and social integration but this is not necessarily a good thing. Companies have to plan their strategies with special focus on talent management, cross-cultural diversity and the supply chain. Outsourcing and offshoring have affected the way business work today. Networking too has had an impact on services and product offerings. Thus the phenomenon of flat world gives rise to an emergent ‘mess’ of change that confronts us each new day (Weeks, 2007). Flatness is not a new phenomenon. Members of the same industry cluster together inefficiently in the centre of a straight line. This limits competition as it creates a long-term relationship between buyer and seller due to cost-advantage which benefit both (Leamer, 2006). Flatness can increase the scope of relationships but such relationships need to be maintained which is not as simple as it is made out to be. Flatness means taking advantage of the sun-dial model and getting the tasks to be done in other countries while Americans are still in bed. Friedman does not consider the amount of job loss it has caused the US. A flat world would imply that all nations can sell the same goods at more or less the same price and people have the same culture which enhances adaptability. McDonalds have faced problems in selling the same menu everywhere and do have to make local adaptation. It is not possible to change the culture and taste of a nation even after years of flatness. Flatness would means that labor costs or more specifically the costs of production should be the same all over but MNCs start production in developing nations to take advantage of cheap labor. This just means that relationships have shifted

Abortion (The Right To Abortion) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Abortion (The Right To Abortion) - Research Paper Example Ethical and moral questions have been raised to this effect about the justification of abortion (Henshaw et al, 1999). To this effect, laws and regulations have been formulated for and against abortion since the period prior to the scientific discovery. The controversy has been stepped up across religious, political, medical and social circles on the right to abortion as laws evolve with changing times (Henshaw et al, 1999). Putting the controversy aside, the right to abortion is necessary as the foregoing discussion indicates. The right to abortion gives the woman the chance for her life to be saved. Abortion is a necessary action to take when the pregnancy puts the mother’s in danger. This happens when the mother is having health complications and/or serious illness such as high blood pressure. In such a situation, the pregnancy can be a risk to the mother’s life because in such a case, the mother is not in a position to maintain the pregnancy. In addition, the pregnant woman could be experiencing complications such as having to succumb to an ectopic pregnancy. This is a very dangerous health complication that can lead to death of the pregnant woman if not treated. A woman with an ectopic pregnancy could die as a result of rapture and severe loss of blood (WebMD, 2010). The only treatment for this complication is ending the pregnancy which is abortion all for the sake of saving the woman (WebMD, 2010). The right to choose as one of the concepts of reproductive health rights is another important reason that justifies abortion. Reproductive health rights refer to the right of both the man and woman to decide on the spacing and number of children (Socialist Worker, 2004). In the contemporary world, most women are working due to the economic and financial demands. Women are increasingly contributing to the family income and some are becoming bread winners in the family. Hence they have the right to take part in the decision making processes on the

What would happen in a market that is transformed from a perfectly Essay

What would happen in a market that is transformed from a perfectly competitve market to a pure monopoly - Essay Example Competition not only helps the customer but also the company itself. The constant challenge to outdo the rival helps companies to stretch an extra mile and work optimally. Barriers to entry keep the businesses constrained and discourage them to enter the market. In a perfectly competitive market a lot of suppliers of goods and service exist, a lot of buyers exist, the barriers to entry are non-existent and the market is characterised by non externalities. In a pure monopoly the demand curves of market and the firm are identical. However, in a pure competition the demand curves are different for both market and firm. The demand curve of the firm is perfectly elastic because it sells product or service at the equilibrium price. Natural monopolies exist without any regulation in place but due to the technological and cost advantages of the company. The prospective entrant can not afford to invest in the technology or share cost advantages of the initial firm in the same industry. For example, DeBeers has control over the natural resource of diamonds. Practically all diamonds in the world have come into the control of DeBeers in South Africa. IBM enjoyed monopoly for a long time because of copyrighting and patents rules. Gas, electric and bus companies are usually monopolies in their respective country because of the huge cost of capital and maintenance cost. Monopolies are often call price setters and many exploit their status to discriminate price for its consumers. In real world, pure monopolies have mostly been characterised as less efficient. Pure monopolies supply is hardly equal to the market’s demand. The consumer are constrained by making alternate choices as there is no other firm in the same industry. This has grave implications on the society we live in. The self interest battle between the pure monopoly and the society can cause loss of goodwill for the monopolies. However, natural pure monopolies do not exploit the

Effect of Cigarette Smoke on Mold Growth | Experiment

Effect of Cigarette Smoke on Mold Growth | Experiment The effect of exposed cigarette smoke on the amount of mold growth on bread is analyzed. What exactly is cigarette smoke? What is bread and how do these elements or substances work together to produce such a bacteria? How does mold and cigarette effect its environment and all living things within it? Cigarette smoke, also known as environmental tobacco smoke, is made of tobacco. It is considered a mixture of two forms of smoke that come from burning tobacco. Bread is a food made of flour, water, and yeast mixed and baked together. Analyze the effects of dangerous substances such as mold and cigarette smoke in the environment. How does cigarette smoke affect the mold growth on bread? Literary Discussion Cigarette smoke does halt the natural growth of the mold process. In humans, weight isnt necessarily gained for those who constantly smoke cigarettes. Bread will naturally mold overtime. It has been determined that overtime, mold doesnt grow on bread in an environment with cigarette smoke to the extent that it does with natural air. Bread is composed of three main ingredients: grains, flour, water, and yeast. Grains are small, hard seeds, especially the seeds of food plants such as wheat or corn. Flour is the finely ground meal of grain. Water is a transparent, odorless, tasteless liquid and yeast comes from grain. It is used as ferment baked in bread. Yeast has three main requirements. Moisture is one of those requirements. Yeast also requires food and heat so it can develop, increase, and grow. The yeast grows after this process is complete and all requirements are met. Yeast has main functions in bread. It is supposed to produce carbon dioxide gas to enable the dough to rise. The entire process of bread rising is based off of yeast. Yeast is a fungus that is composed of one cell and sugar is a necessity to grow. This fungus breaks sugar down in to smaller components. Carbon dioxide is a naturally occurring chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms. These atoms are the number of electron pairs that an atom can share with other atoms bonded to a single carbon atom. Yeast also aids in giving bread its characteristic flavor and aroma. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a series of yeasts. To the right is an image of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast which is used to bake. It is the most common type of yeast used in the bread-baking process. Yeasts are considered eukaryotic model organisms in cell biology and molecular biology as well. Eukaryotic organisms have a nucleus unlike prokaryotic organisms. Most yeasts divide themselves through budding which is a c haracteristic used to perceive yeasts through a microscope. They appear to be shaped or formed like an 8. High protein flour assist in bread rising. Bread flour isnt anything, but white flour made from hard, high-protein flour. This gives the bread a good texture. The texture of the bread, whether it is good or bad, all depends on the type of flour. Preferably bread flour would be the best type of flour to use when baking bread, but all-purpose flour could possibly give you good results as well. Self-rising flour contains baking powder. Baking powder is a substance used to produce fermentation in the bread dough. This type of flour would not be used if yeast is an ingredient used to make the bread. Baking flour mostly comes from wheat. Every type of flour is suited to different types of foods. All types of flours are different. If a recipe requires one type of flour and a different type of flour is used, preparation is needed for the outcome. The recipe might not come out like its supposed to because not all recipes use the same type of flour. It is imperative to know what type of flour is manipulated in the process of baking. Bread flour differs from all purpose flour. Bread flour has more protein content and gluten strength than all-purpose flour. Unlike bread flour, all-purpose four may be unbleached or bleached and bread flour is unbleached. From time to time bread flour is conditioned with ascorbic acid. Ascorbic acid is a naturally occurring organic compound with antioxidant compounds which is an advocate for the volume increasing and better texture. Yeast products need as much protein as they can get and bread flour would be the best choice because it contains 12% to 14% of protein, also known as gluten. To the left is an image of bread flour. To the right is an image of all-purpose flour. Water is one of the ingredients that make up bread. It is an enormous factor in the process of bread making. This is because it is used to form the dough or paste. Without the formation of dough, bread couldnt be made. The amount of liquid or water necessary for bread differs with different recipes. In baking, water serves as a solvent which means it has the power to dissolve other ingredients to produce a solution. Water is considered the dispersing agent and solvent for ingredients such as salt, sugar, and yeast. Bread dough is needed to be consistent and water is responsible for that consistency. In other words, a certain amount of water is needed to get the dough to be the right texture. Dry doughs wont ferment as fast as soft doughs. Water is necessary for yeast to reproduce and ferment. Water hardness is the amount of calcium and magnesium ions in water. The expression that represents water hardness is parts per million (ppm). The best measurement suited for bread baking is aro und 100 to 150 (ppm) of minerals; medium hardness. Flour, water, and yeast all work as a team to produce good, strong bread dough. There is a process of bread making. This process starts off with mixing, combining, stirring these ingredients. The yeast and flour have enzymes within them. The enzymes in both large starch molecules to break down into simple sugars. The yeast metabolizes these simple sugars. When something is metabolized, it goes through a process of metabolism. Metabolism is a process in an organism where its material substance is produced, maintained, and destroyed, and by which energy is made available. It is the process in which the internal environment adjusts and is maintained when there are external environmental changes taking place. The yeast also exudes a liquid. This liquid releases carbon dioxide similar to humans after they breathe in oxygen. It releases ethyl alcohol as well and they are both released into existing air bubbles in the dough. In the picture to the left, a visual demonstration of how yeast ce lls work is shown. It shows sugars metabolized. Yeast cells thrive on simple sugars. As the sugars are metabolized, carbon dioxide and alcohol are released into the bread dough, making it rise (Phillips, Scott). Carbon Dioxide will begin to inflate the bubble only if the dough has a strong and elastic gluten network. The more the tiny air cells fill with carbon dioxide, the more the dough rises. When making bread, it is best to develop as much gluten, a type of protein within flour, as you can because the gluten strengthens the dough. It also holds in any gases to help the bread rise. The bread dough is then tucked and stretched into a round to give it a smooth outside. This smooth cover, outside, top, or shelter traps the gases produced by fermentation. The dough is then put aside for approximately ten to fifteen minutes. Sitting aside allows the gluten bonds relax. The process of shaping the dough at last is then made easier. This process isnt necessary and isnt taken by all baker s, but is very beneficial. Fermentation starts off with the enzymes in the yeast breaking down starch into flavorful sugars. The sugar in the yeast is then used to produce carbon dioxide, alcohol, and a lot of byproducts. Amylose and maltose break down into glucose and proteins break down into amino acids. The dough becomes more acidic as the process of fermentation proceeds. There are six main steps to the bread making process. These six main steps do not change if bread is made by hand. The first step is to accurately weigh the ingredients used to bake the bed. The second step includes mixing and kneading the dough. Now this step may change depending on how the dough is mixed. Dough can be mixed and knead by using a bread machine, mixer, or kneading by hand. After mixing and kneading, theres a test that is recommended to take called the window test. First, pinch off a piece of dough. Then, the dough is grasped on opposite sides with both hands. Next, the dough should be spread apart approximately three to five centimeters. The dough is supposed to look a certain way after this. Its supposed to look like a window with a window-like membrane in the center. The dough most likely will come out either two ways. If the dough tears or doesnt stretch easily, it needs to be kneaded more. If it forms a window-like membrane and stretches easily, the process of kne ading is over. The next main step is to proof the dough followed by dividing, knocking back the dough. The fifth step is to finally proof the dough. This step involves shaping the dough into the desired shape and leaving the dough to rise in an environment where it is warm and moist until the dough raises almost doubles in size. Last, but certainly not least, bake the dough so it can form into a loaf. When the bread is baked in a hot, preheated oven, the best way to check if the bread is completely done is by tapping it on the base with your knuckle. The bread is baked completely if it sounds hollow. The bread should then be put on a wire rack to cool. A cigarette is a cylindrical roll of finely cut tobacco used for smoking. It is considerably smaller than most cigars and usually wrapped in thin white paper. There are multiple brands of cigarettes. Other than tobacco, there are approximately 4,000 ingredients within a cigarette. The cigarette would be considered to be made up of a cocktail of ingredients. There are quite a few ingredients that people wouldnt assume to be in a cigarette. Chocolate, beeswax, yeast, and wine are four of those additives. Todays cigarettes are definitely not healthy, not saying that they ever were. Cigarettes now a days include ammonia (household cleaner), arsenic (used in rat poisons), butane (gas, used in lighter fluid), DDT (a banned insecticide), Naphthalene (ingredient in mothballs), etc. These ingredients are death threats. One ingredient that killed over 2,000 people in Bhopal, India after being accidentally released is Methyl Isocyanate. Carbon monoxide (a gas in car exhausts), copper (electric wiring), tar (road surfaces), acetone (paint stripper), benzene (petrol fumes), formaldehyde (embalming fluid), methanol (rocket fluid), and radon (radioactive gas), etc make up a cigarette as well. These arent all of the negative substances within a cigarette, but these are key ones. Nicotine is composed of several chemicals. These chemicals have substantial effects on the human body. Together these chemicals can cause nicotine overdose. Nicotine gives a sense of relaxation and recovery because of the changing of the shape of the body and brain function. Nicotine is addictive. It is a depressant. It is nicotine that is the addictive substance in tobacco. Over the past 100 years, the tobacco industry has been tweaked to get smokers hooked more effectively. Ammonia may not seem like it has anything to do with tobacco let along cigarettes, but the additive in cigarettes aids in the lungs absorbing cigarette smoke quicker. This explains why people get higher from cigarettes. Ammonia is also a substance used to clean toilets. Chocolate is an addition to cigarettes. The effect it has on the body isnt nowhere near the effect other things have. It is only in a cigarette to take away the bitter taste. It also potentially puts off the natural tobacco taste. Cigarettes are a hundred percent legal and should be outlawed by many laws, but isnt. Not only do cigarettes affect the people that smoke them, but they affect the people and environment in the surrounding areas as well. The affect of other people is called second-hand smoking. Second-hand smoking is when someone who doesnt smoke ingests more than 4,000 hazardous compounds as well as the smoker. Second-hand smoke is more dangerous than smoking. Cigarette smoke contains small amounts of radioactive materials. These radioactive materials are inhaled by non-smokers and smoker into their lungs. They build up and overtime and as they increase they become a big dose of radiation. Cigarette smoke influences the atmosphere around big time. The actual cigarette bud and smoke affect the environment the most. Cigarette buds and smoke result in air, water and in addition land pollution. Cigarette smoke and buds are considered one of the number one contributors to the environmental pollution. They effect the environment in several of ways. Cigarette buds affect the water because numerous amounts of them are left on the ground. Most of them end up pushed down into the lakes by wind, water, etc. A lot of animals such as fish eat these buds believing they are food. This eats away at the insides of these living organisms. The rest of the buds that dont go anywhere and stay on the ground are there for an extremely long time. Cigarette buds dont decompose fast. It takes them approximately twenty five to twenty six years to decompose. These buds left in the grass pollute the plants and soil by being leached into the soil. Cigarette buds can also contribute to the start of a fire. Especially during dry season fires are likely to happen. Cigarette smoke affects the human body extremely. The cigarette smoke increases and accelerates the aging process in the human body. Smoking also causes dieses in nearly every organ in the human body. A hazardous disease such as lung cancer can kill you. Cigarettes contain tar and low-tar cigarettes do not reduce the risk of lung cancer. Smoking causes 90% of lung cancer deaths in men and 80% in women according to statistics. When you inhale smoke, it automatically affects your lungs. Another disease that is easily given than taken is Crohns disease. Cigarette smoking for weight loss has widely been used as an appetite suppressant. Cigarette smoke has a negative effect on it. Patients with Crohns disease have a higher risk at relapses and repeated surgeries. These patients need more treatment such as aggressive and immunosuppressive treatment. If a smoker stops smoking, the risk at having Crohns disease is still there. Smokers have a higher risk at developing a peptic ulcer, a liver disease, heartburn, etc. Nicotine affects the brain in major way. Eukaryotic organisms have a nucleus which is the brain of a cell. Nicotine affects the brain by decreasing the supply of blood to the brain and its cells. Blood is transferred to the brain by the carotid artery. There are many arteries that supply blood to the brain, but the main artery is the carotid artery. The amount of diseases given with smoking to the human body varies. There are numerous fatal diseases associated with smoking; long term and also inhaling second-hand smoke. Some examples of these diseases are within the cancer family. Smoking causes cancer within the mouth, throat, larynx, lung, esophagus, pancreas, kidney, and bladder. It also causes cancers of the stomach acute myeloid leukemia, and cervix. Above is a graph with information that shows the estimated average and annual number of smoking-attributable deaths in the United States during 2000 through 2004 by specific causes.( Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2004,) Bladder cancer may occur at any stage, but smoking cigarettes aid in the development of it in a human body. It is common for bladder cancer to take place in patients over fifty years of age. If bladder cancer is detected at an early stage and immediately treated, it could possibly be curable. Blood cancer is diagnosed during a cystoscopy when a biopsy is done. The process involves a certain instrument which is passed through the tube. The tube carries the urine from the bladder to the outside of the body also known as the urethra. Esophageal cancer is animosity of the esophagus. Diagnosis of esophagus cancer has more than one way, but one way is by barium X-Ray of the esophagus. It is confirmed by the endoscopy with a biopsy of the cancer tissue. The esophagus is an approximately ten inch tube located in the chest. It can cause pain with swallowing food and can hinder the food from smoothly, gently, and easily going down. Treating esophageal cancer differs. It all depends on the age and health of the patient mainly. It also depends on the location, size, and extent of the cancer spread in the human body. The muscular tube has multiple of layers. These layers include the inner layer or lining. The inner layer of lining is called the mucosa. This part of the esophagus is moist to aid in the food passing to the stomach. Submucosa has glands that make mucus. The mucus is the liquid that keeps the esophagus moist. The next layer consists of the muscle layer. The muscles in the muscle layer push the food down to the stomach. The last layer, outer layer, covers the esophagus. Kidney cancer is when cells within kidney tissue dont. These cells eventually create a tumor. There are different types of kidney cancers. Those different types include Rena Cell Carcinoma (RCC), Transitional Cell Carcinoma, Renal Sarcoma, and Wilms Tumor. RCC is the most common type of kidney cancer in adults. Transitional Cell Carcinoma usually begins in the renal pelvis. Renal Sarcoma is the least common form of kidney cancer. Wilms tumor is the most common type of kidney cancer in children. Symptoms of kidney cancer consist of a condition called hematuria which is when blood is in the urine, a lump in the kidney area, bone pain, pain in the side, high blood pressure, etc. Kidney cancer overall isnt very common. There are four stages of kidney cancer and is mainly treated by surgery. Surgical options differ from simple nephrectomy, partial nephrectomy, and radical nephrectomy. The remainder kidney is usually able to perform the work of both kidneys if one is removed. (United State s National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, U.S.) To the left is an illustration of a kidney. Laryngeal cancer is a disease in which cancer cells form in the tissues of the larynx. The larynx is the voice box in the human body. The pharynx is located right above the larynx. The pharynx is the throat in the neck. The voice box contains the vocal chords. Majority Laryngeal cancer form in squamous cells. There are three main parts of the larynx which are the supraglottis, glottis, and subglottis. The supraglottis is the upper part of the larynx located above the vocal chords. Glottis is the middle part in the same area where the vocal chords are. The lowest part of the larynx is the subglottis. The subglottis is located between the vocal chords and trachea. The trachea is also known as the windpipe. The use of all tobacco products can affect the risk of developing Laryngeal cancer. Ear pain and a sore throat are symptoms of Laryngeal cancer. Hoarseness within the voice and a lump in the neck or throat are symptoms as well. A doctor should immediately be acknowledged if any of th ese symptoms take place especially a lump in the neck or throat. There are four stages to this disease and the stage affects the treatment options. When a certain stage is reached, treatment isnt guaranteed to prevent any tragedy such as death. Oral cancer is a subtype of head and neck cancer. It is any cancerous tissue growth located in the mouth. Oral cancer can affect any are of the mouth. The mouth is also known as the oral cavity. This are includes the lips, gum tissues, tongue, cheek lining, and the hard and possible soft palate. According to statistics, oral cancer kills one person every five hours. This disease is greatly influenced by smoking cigarettes mainly because the cigarette is smoked used by lips and the chemicals travel throughout the mouth to the throat. Just like majority of other cancers, treating oral cancer depends on the size of the cancer and the stage that the cancer is in. Men have a higher risk of being diagnosed with oral cancer. Symptoms of oral cancer include tiny white or red spots, swelling of the jaw, a sore that doesnt heal within two weeks or bleeds immediately, etc. In oral cancers early stages, it is hard to detect the cancer because known of the symptoms take place. Theres neither pain nor red and white bumps inside the mouth that can be related to oral cancer. Pancreatic cancer is cancer in the pancreas which is a 6-inch long organ located behind the stomach in the back of the abdomen. The pancreas contains exocrine and endocrine glands. The classification of pancreatic cancer depends on whether it affects the exocrine or the endocrine functions of the pancreas. A gland that secretes externally through a duct is an exocrine gland. An endocrine gland is any of the glands of the endocrine system that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. The most common type of pancreatic cancer is tumors that affect the exocrine functions. These tumors are called either cystadenomas or adenocarcinomas. The uncommon tumors in pancreatic cancer are tumors that affect the endocrine functions. These tumors are called neuroendocrine or islet cell tumors. Symptoms of pancreatic cancer consists of pale or grey stool, excess fat in stool, pain in the upper abdomen, dark urine, yellowness in the skin or eyes, vomiting, nausea, loss of appetite, etc. Pain i n the upper abdomen comes from the tumor pushing against nerves. Mold is a fungus. Mold can be found indoors and outdoors. Mold is a living organism. It reproduces. Mold reproduces by creating mold spores. Mold spores can be thought of as seeds. Mold spores are necessary for mold to reproduce. They can form anywhere and can enter houses through cracks, windows, door-ways, etc. Four major elements contribute to mold growth indoors and three of those elements contribute to outdoor mold growth. The four elements that contribute to indoor mold growth are temperature, food source, oxygen, and water. Water, temperature, and oxygen are needed in order for outdoor mold to grow. Mold feeds off of all types of cellulose materials. For instance, mold feeds on wood, fabrics, wall paper, etc. Mold grows in temperatures that range between 40 and 110 degrees Fahrenheit. This fungus does need air to advance, but it grows best in area with poor ventilation. Mold needs water, moisture, or high humidity in order to develop. Mold travels by mold spores. They spread through air, water, or by hitching a ride on a host. The hosts that mold spores happen to latch on to are items such as clothing, insects, and humans. Mold spores will follow air currents. Mold is dangerous. Mold spore contain mycotoxins. Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by micro fungi that are capable of causing disease and death in humans and other animals. These mycotoxins enter the body two ways. They are inhaled or absorbed through the skin. Mold is an allergy for a lot of people. Mold can provide nasal congestion, eye or skin irritation, or wheezing. More severe reactions are possible if the human body cant take the fungus or fight off the bacteria. Shortness of breath and fevers are considered severe reactions to mold that may occur in a person whom has severe allergies. Some people may develop mold infections in their lungs like obstructive lung disease if they have chronic lung illnesses. When high amounts of airborne toxic mold spores are inhaled deep into the lungs they can enter the bloodstream and affect so many different things. The immune system, nervous system, liver, kidneys, and blood can be affected. This can cause brain damage. The immune system is made up of organs, tissues, and cells that work together as a network. They work together to protect the body. The cells in the immune system, white blood cells or leukocytes, are divided into two main groups. The two basic types of leukocytes are phagocytes and lymphocytes. They combine together to seek out and destroy disease-causing substances and organisms. Phagocytes are cells that chew up invading organisms and lymphocytes are cells that allow the body to remember and recognize previous invaders. Lymphocytes help the body destroy them. Neutrophil is the most common type of phagocytes. Immunity is the ability to resist a particular toxin by the action of specific antibodies. The human body has three types of immunity. The three types include innate, adaptive, and passive. Innate is natural immunity and everyone is born with it. Adaptive immunity or active immunity develops throughout the life of a human. Passive immunity is borrowed from another source. It doesnt last long. The immune system does have problems. The disorders fall into four main categories. The first two categories are immunodeficiency disorders and autoimmune disorders the next two are allergic disorders and cancers of the immune system. Autoimmune disorders are when the immune system attacks its own tissue as foreign matter. Allergic disorders are when the immune system overreacts in response to an antigen. Mold as well as cigarette smoke has a huge effect on the nervous system in the human body. The nervous system is made up of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. The nervous system is the human bodys control system. The ability for the human body to see, feel, hear, smell, taste, and reproduce is controlled by the nervous system. Cigarette smoke and mold damages your brain the most. The brain and spinal cord are the only two organs a part of the nervous system. If the brain is damaged, the rest of the body doesnt operate the same because the job of the brain is to control everything. The forebrain, midbrain, and hind brain are the three segments that the brain is divided into. The brain, nerves, and the spinal cord are all connected by the brain stem. The spinal cord finds the association neuron. A sensory neuron informs the body of its environment. It serves as an integration or interpretation center of sensory neurons and motor neurons. The association neuron interprets the informati on and responds to the environment with the motor neuron. In the circulatory system, blood vessels are the highways of the human body. When something molds, its not in a good condition. Tobacco smoke has an uncountable amount of toxins within it. These toxins travel throughout the blood in the human body. There are two types of blood vessels. Arterial arteries are one and venous veins are the other ones. Capillaries are minute vessels. They allow oxygen and nutrients to traverse through their walls to all the body cells. The tissue of arteries has different textures. They are tough on the outside, muscular in the middle, and smooth on the inside. There are two venae cavae. They are the two largest veins in the body. They carry the deoxygenated blood to the right side of the heart. The tissues of the veins are thin, and not as flexible nor muscular than the arteries. The heart is the center of the circulatory system. It is located behind the breastbone and centered perpendicular to the midline of the chest. The heart receives oxygen from the lungs and has two parts. The heart has its own circulation network that is made up of arteries and veins. The upper chamber of the heart is called the atrium and the lower chamber of the heart is called the ventricle. The picture on the right is an illustration of the upper chamber and the image on the left is a picture of the lower chamber of the heart. Both chambers have two parts. The atrium has two auricles, the left and right auricle. Both auricles hold cache for blood that enters the heart. The left ventricle is bigger and more muscular than the right ventricle because it pumps blood to the whole body. The left ventricle accomplishes this task because it has an opening that blood flows through to the central artery also known as the aorta. The central artery is where the blood circulation originates throughout the human body. Smoking cigarettes causes heart disease and strokes which are two types of cardiovascular diseases. Heart disease and stroke are considered to be the third main causes of death in the United States. Heart and blood vessels are harmed by tobacco smoke. A symptom of heart disease is heart palpitation which is a feeling that that the heart is beating too fast or too hard, skipping a beat, too slow, or fluttering. When the heart beat isnt consistent meaning the heart beat is irregular, heart disease could possibly be the outcome. Cardiovascular diseases in which include heart disease, is the number one killer of women. There are different types of strokes. Ischemic strokes are the main kinds of strokes that occur. The other strokes are hemorrhagic strokes. Ischemic strokes are when there is a physical blockage of blood traveling to the brain. This causes the brain cells in the area to die. Hemorrhagic strokes are the sudden onset of neurological symptoms as a result of bleeding in the brain. This type of stroke can easily increase the pressure inside of the brain. This can lead to brain damage. There are some people that dont recover from brain damage and eventually become brain dead which means their body cant function anymore. Specific items in tobacco smoke can damage important genes that control cell growth. If a cell doesnt grow completely and substantially correct, it doesnt function right. If tobacco smoke and mold can affect the human body in such a way, it definitely can affect bread. Those whom smoke and are addicted to smoking crave the nicotine. They know the cigarettes are constantly harming the human body, but an addiction isnt easy to overcome. When a smoker smokes, they usually dont gain a lot of weight. This is because the substances and chemicals in the cigarette stunt the growth and development. On bread, smoke stunts the growth of mold. This is explains why bread cigarette smoke does affect the mold growth on bread more than air does. This is very ironic because most people wouldnt think the air that humans breathe in could impact bread in such a negative way more than cigarette smoke. Chemicals that arent needed to be absorbed in the human body take the body off balance as well as other things such as bread. Vocabulary Nicotine- one of the most addictive substances known to a man. Nicotine is one of the components or substances that make up cigarettes. Powerful- producing great physical effects and efforts. Drugs- are extremely dangerous substances whether they are legal or illegal. Over-the-counter drugs can be as dangerous and effective because everyones tolerance for drugs differ. Poisons- are substances that cause disturbances to organisms. Usually takes place by chemical reactions or other activity on the molecular scale, when a sufficient quantity or total is absorbed by an organism. Insecticides- made up of substances or mixture of substances intended for preventing, repelling or mitigating and pest. Tobacco- causes a wide variety of dieses, cancer, and death. A carrier for the addictive drug called nicotine. Volatile- is applied to a substance with a high vapour pressure that passes readily into a gaseous phase. Biological Growth- the exponential growth of biological organisms. Mold- a large and taxonomically diverse number of fungal species where their growth results in a moldy appearance of objects, especially foods. Spores- a reproductive cell or structure produced by certain fungi, plants (moss, ferns), and some bacteria. Contaminate- to make something impure, unclean, by exposure to or addition of, contact, a mixture, or polluting substance. Loaf- a shaped or molded often symmetrical mass of food; bread baked in one piece. Hygiene- a condition or practice conducive to the preservation of health, as cleanliness; keeping something in a substantial condition. Moderate- root word of moderation. Keeping or when something is kept within reasonable or proper limits. Atmosphere- a buffer that

United Nations :: essays research papers

The United Nations 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As far as peace keeping methods go, the reputation of the United Nations is very pitiable. This is not only because they have not been doing their job to it’s fullest extent, but also because the member states on the security council haven’t given the UN the power it needs if it is to be a successful force in peace keeping methods. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The United Nation idea was first brought to head during World War II, when 26 nations of the world pledged to work together as one. The United Nations was officially operational as of the 24th of October 1951, with a minor 51 countries signing the UN charter. A stable base was set-up in New York. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The UN structure is a very well thought-out one. The UN contains over 150 countries, with 5 main heads of state. These 5 countries are America, France, Great Britain, Russia and China. The 5 head countries always make the decision on whether to help a country that is in need or not. The basic structure is that there is a general assembly, which is the head of the UN. Off that there are 5 separately run systems, which are International court of justice, Economic and social council, Security Council, secretariat and the trainee council. All have different, yet major roles in striving to make the UN a success. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Security Council is the council in charge of the peacekeeping side of the United Nations. The Security Council contained 15 countries in 1995. The countries were Argentina, Botswana, China, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Honduras, Indonesia, Italy, Nigeria, Oman, Russian Federation, Rwanda, UK and the U.S. China, France, UK, U.S and Russia are all permanent heads of the council. There are over 50 countries now listed in the Security Council. 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The UN can be so ineffective because they do not have the power they would like to have. The United Nations have no power under the current charter to simply waltz into a countries disputes with out any permission being granted. Both countries must invite the UN in, but the Security Council must also agree with this as well. The countries involved in the Security Council must also provide the necessary manpower quickly. This takes time and hinders the UN’s power. 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Somalia – In 1992, after 23 months of Barre’s rain there was an estimated 300,000 people who died of starvation. A vanguard of UN peacekeeping forces was sent in to restore order.